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Charles, king of the Franks, is one of the most remarkable figures ever to rule a European super-state. That is why he is so often called by the French 'Charlemagne', and by the Germans 'Karl der Grosse'. His strength of character was felt to be remarkable from early in his long reign. Warfare and accident, vermin and weather have destroyed much of the evidence for his rule in the twelve centuries since his death, but a remarkable amount still survives.Janet L. Nelson's wonderful new book brings together everything we know about Charlemagne and sifts through the evidence to come as close as we can to understanding the man and his motives. Nelson has an extraordinary knowledge of the sources and much of the book is a sort of detective story, prying into and interpreting fascinating material and often obdurate scraps, from prayerbooks to skeletons, gossip to artwork.Above all, Charles's legacy lies in his deeds and their continuing resonance, as he shaped duchies and counties, rebuilt and founded towns and monasteries, and consciously set himself up not just as King of the Franks, but as the new 'Emperor governing the Roman Empire'. His successors - in some ways to the present day - have struggled to interpret, misinterpret, copy or subvert Charlemagne's legacy. Nelson gets us as close as we can ever hope to come to the real figure, as understood in his own time.

Charlemagne, --- France --- Europe --- Kings and rulers --- History --- Charlemagne --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814. --- France - Kings and rulers - Biography. --- France - History - To 987. --- Europe - History - 392-814.

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Etude sur cette chanson de geste du XIIe siècle appartenant à la Geste de Charlemagne. L'auteur relance l'enquête sur les rapports d'Aiquin et de l'histoire dont il met en évidence la complexité, entre souvenirs de la période viking de la Bretagne et adaptation politique au contexte de l'époque. Il se livre également à une étude systématique des formes de la Chanson et en étudie les stéréotypes.

Epic poetry, French --- Chansons de geste --- History and criticism --- Charlemagne, --- Romances --- Conquête de la Bretagne --- Breton mediaeval literature --- Epic poetry --- 12th century --- Criticism --- Epic poetry, French - History and criticism --- Chansons de geste - History and criticism --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814 - Romances - History and criticism --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814

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Carolingians --- Carolingiens --- History --- Sources. --- Histoire --- Sources --- Charlemagne, --- Germany --- Allemagne --- Carolingians - History - Sources --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814 --- Germany - History - 843-918 - Sources --- Empire carolingien --- DROIT --- 768-814 (Charlemagne) --- HISTOIRE --- SOURCES --- MOYEN AGE

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Poetry --- Old French literature --- Thematology --- Carlovingians in literature --- Carolingians in literature --- Carolingiens dans la littérature --- Karolingers in de literatuur --- Chansons de geste --- Epic poetry, French --- Civilization, Medieval, in literature --- Myth in literature --- Carolingians --- History and criticism --- Charlemagne, --- Romances --- -Carolingians --- -French poetry --- -Myth in literature --- French literature --- French epic poetry --- French poetry --- Carlovingians --- Carolinians --- Epic poetry --- Legends --- Heldensage --- Charlemagne Emperor --- -Romances --- -History and criticism --- Carolingians. --- Civilization, Medieval, in literature. --- Myth in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Louis, René. --- Histoire et critique --- Charlemagne --- Carolingiens (dynastie) --- Dans la littérature --- Louis, René. --- Karol Wielki, --- Karl --- Carolus Magnus, --- Shārlmān, --- Charles the Great, --- Karl Velikiĭ, --- Carlo Magno, --- Carlos Magno, --- Karolus Magnus, --- Karl the Great, --- Carlomagno, --- Karl den store, --- شارلمان، --- Louis, René --- Louis --- Carolingiens --- Histoire et critique. --- Dans la littérature. --- Dans la littérature. --- Chansons de geste - History and criticism --- Epic poetry, French - History and criticism --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814 - Romances - History and criticism --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814

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Beginning shortly after Charlemagne's death in 814, the inhabitants of his historical empire looked back upon his reign and saw in it an exemplar of Christian universality - Christendom. They mapped contemporary Christendom onto the past and so, during the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, the borders of his empire grew with each retelling, almost always including the Christian East. Although the pull of Jerusalem on the West seems to have been strong during the eleventh century, it had a more limited effect on the Charlemagne legend. Instead, the legend grew during this period because of a peculiar fusion of ideas, carried forward from the ninth century but filtered through the social, cultural, and intellectual developments of the intervening years. Paradoxically, Charlemagne became less important to the Charlemagne legend. The legend became a story about the Frankish people, who believed they had held God's favour under Charlemagne and held out hope that they could one day reclaim their special place in sacred history. Indeed, popular versions of the Last Emperor legend, which spoke of a great ruler who would reunite Christendom in preparation for the last battle between good and evil, promised just this to the Franks. Ideas of empire, identity, and Christian religious violence were potent reagents. The mixture of these ideas could remind men of their Frankishness and move them, for example, to take up arms, march to the East, and reclaim their place as defenders of the faith during the First Crusade. An Empire of Memory uses the legend of Charlemagne, an often-overlooked current in early medieval thought, to look at how the contours of the relationship between East and West moved across centuries, particularly in the period leading up to the First Crusade.

Christian legends --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medieval civilization --- Middle Ages --- Civilization --- Chivalry --- Renaissance --- Legends, Christian --- Legends --- History and criticism --- History --- Charlemagne, --- Karol Wielki, --- Karl --- Carolus Magnus, --- Shārlmān, --- Charles the Great, --- Karl Velikiĭ, --- Carlo Magno, --- Carlos Magno, --- Karolus Magnus, --- Karl the Great, --- Carlomagno, --- Karl den store, --- شارلمان، --- History and criticism. --- Civilization, Medieval. --- Civilisation médiévale --- Légendes chrétiennes --- Histoire et critique --- Christian legends - Europe - History and criticism --- Charlemagne --- Francs --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814 - Legends - History and criticism --- Charlemagne, - Emperor, - 742-814 --- Charlemagne (empereur d'Occident ; 0742-0814) --- Légendes chrétiennes --- Légendes --- Europe